So say they started riding a year ago - what would you expect them to be able to do, and on what sort of horse (i.e. safe and steady, average well behaved but forward going, spooky, feisty...)?
Too many variables - are they doing a 1/2 hour lesson a week at a bottom end riding school, riding purely with a friend or taking serious amounts of lessons with quality horses and good instructors? Very much down to the individual's 'temperament' too; after a year of lessons at a not-so-good riding school I was jumping 2'9 ish courses and would ride anything although I was fairly sporty and completely fearless
I think it depends very much on how/where they have learned.
For example, I know people who ride regularly at a RS and have done for years, know basic w/t/c and may occasionally pop a Xpole, all on 'bombproof' school horses, and then I know someone else who bought a horse (rightly or wrongly) with very little experience, luckily took lessons on it, just over a year later she is a very confident, good rider, can deal with spooks and silliness and has been XC and other confidence requiring stuff.
Definitely depends on the person and what they have been doing. A teenager riding twice a week for a year might be capable of passing their stage 2, or might be incapable of going faster than a walk, depending on who has been teaching them, their natural aptitude and whether or not they have been scared witless by being put on a horse that needed more experience than they yet have
When I was in that situation I was pretty much a menace to civilised society, thought I could do anything, in fact fell off every other time I got on and wouldn't have known whether pony was on the right or wrong leg if someone had drawn me diagrams
This is a basic average idea, but I would say a teenager riding twice a week for a year I would say would be happy to w,t,c and pop a small fence probably max 70cm. If they've been regularly hacking I would think they'd be happy to ride in open fields on a bombproof horse. This is if they're fairly confident, it does totally depend on the person themselves - I'm sure you can get someone else who is nervous to canter after a year of riding. I wouldn't expect anyone who has only been riding a year to be confident on anything that's feisty/forward going/strong, I would imagine they'd be happy to do most basic things on a safe horse. But this is totally guesswork as obviously every person is different.
I used to work at a riding school, where the majority of our clients were teenagers, mostly riding once a week or a fortnight, usually in private or semi private lessons as we only had 2 'horses' the rest were diddy ponies. I would say on average most of our riders after a year were able to walk/trot/canter confidently & independently, pop small x poles, small jumps, and do a small course of jumps (maybe 1ft9 / 2ft).
Some, who were very nervous or really lacked ability, still didn't have a good seat in canter or understand trot diagonals etc by the end of the year. A few of them progressed to jumping 2ft6 courses, going for canter hacks, and beginning to understand outline/impulsion/beginnings of dressage.
1 girl, who was very ambitious & had previously been a national level tennis player, bought her first horse at the end of 1 year, a push button schoolmaster alrounder type, but still a full tb, and although they were a bit mismatched at start, she's now had him several years and competes british showjumping & dressage.
So i think it depends on the individual. However, I would definitely say steady eddie horse, or at most a safe push button forward going, nothing spooky/strong/that would buck or anything. Why are you asking?
I'm 20 have been riding since I was 19, for 6months I hacked twice a week and for the last 6months I've had a lesson once a week and hacked once a week.
In the school; I have mastered rising trot, diagonal changes, leg yield, bending into the corners. I have popped a small crosspole and jumped a course of 6 jumps at home.
Out hacking; I can canter in a group (but I do grip on for dear life) and am semi confident. I'm not very confident at hacking alone.
All of the above has been done on my (mostly) reliable + quiet 20yo cob. He does have some strong fiesty moments generally whilst out hacking.
I'd still say I'm a novice and not massively confident and know I couldn't ride anything 'fiesty' but technically I now know all my aids etc.