*WARNING* - Toxic Ergot Fungus on grass seed heads in paddocks this year

PurBee

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Hi all,

Prevention is worth an ounce of cure and all that, so i hope you all don’t mind me posting this thread, i know we all have enough work on our hands with our horses and don’t want to cause un-necessary concern but feel this year a warning on this forum could help keep our beloved horses healthy and help all provide safe healthy winter grazing.

It has come to attention via another thread and other sources online, so i feel an alert to all horse owners in the Uk is warranted, that this year, due to the summer climate being wetter than usual, has caused a lot of grazing fields that have long grass seed heads, to become infected with Ergot fungus.

This type of fungus is toxic to horses and if they consume a ‘large’ amount can result in very acute illness, that can result in convulsions that can kill, and there’s not many routes of treatment so it’s a wise precaution this year to check over your fields with long grasses.

For those that normally grow ‘foggage’ check your fields for this fungus on the grass seed heads before turning out in the winter for grazing.

For anyone on livery yards with long grass stalks in the grazing fields, have a check around.

Horses can have an accidental nibble of some and not drop down dead on us, with cattle being even more sensitive to this poisonous fungus, so dont be alarmed if you find a handful of some, and nothing else anywhere - it’s more a case of being alert of fields which are very long and stalky, that haven’t been cut or grazed much this year, that you plan to use for winter grazing. If you find grass seed heads with the fungus within every metre of inspecting a field, you know it’s a problem field and can cause acute poisoning.

In fields that have been grazed all year round and have short grass, you wont have this issue, its the grass seed head that gets infected, not blades of grass.

Check long grass seed heads that tends to grow around fence lines, that horses may be able to reach, when winter grass gets short and they start to get interested in eating by the fence lines.

Strim or cut the affected fields/fencelines - allow to fully rot down, and new grass growth to come through, before allowing grazing of badly affected areas.
This fungus has been discussed in this thread a lot so i dont need to repeat a lot of info in this post - there are pictures in that thread too:

https://forums.horseandhound.co.uk/threads/will-it-never-end.809449/page-4#post-14715385




The fungus looks like little black bendy bananas or mouse poop, growing out of the grass seed head. Sometimes you’ll find seed heads that just look blackish mould earlier in the autumn, before ergot then starts to sprouts out:


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PurBee

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Thank you. Is this across all of the UK?

It’s been noticed in fields by people who have never had an issue with it in previous years - so drier counties that have had a wetter summer than usual are finding it.

Areas like Wales and Scotland will be used to seeing ergot annually due to those climates generally being wetter.
 

PapaverFollis

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I'm convinced my neighbour's oats have it... have decided to bed the horses on shavings or similar this year rather than straw...
 

MiJodsR2BlinkinTite

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Thanks for the information OP, I've seen this issue coming up quite a lot on some of the FB pages I'm on and it is very concerning indeed.

I remember watching a documentary a while back about the (biblical!!) Plagues of Egypt; those of you who like me were sent along to Sunday School and learnt all about this sort of stuff will know that the "death of the firstborn" was the final "plague" sent against the Egyptians. The documentary-makers had set out to examine the whole question of whether the various "plagues" of Egypt could possibly have had some scientific explanation - they'd started with the "river turning to blood" and established this could have been red algae; which then led on to everything else connected with decayed & fetid water i.e. flies, frogs, disease, etc etc.

They struggled with the final one; as it was described as only affecting the "firstborn". Then they established that when the Egyptians stored their grain, it was in big storehouses, and IF damp had got in there, there would have been (wait for it!!) Ergot produced. Interestingly, the "firstborn" son was apparently given the privilege of opening up the food-stores and would have been given the first-pickings of the grain - ditto the "first-born" of the cattle who would have been fed the first-pickings........ which led them to believe that it was in fact Ergot which would have fitted the bill for the final plague "the death of the firstborn".

As a bit of a geeky on ancient history I find this fascinating!!
 

PurBee

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Thanks for the information OP, I've seen this issue coming up quite a lot on some of the FB pages I'm on and it is very concerning indeed.

I remember watching a documentary a while back about the (biblical!!) Plagues of Egypt; those of you who like me were sent along to Sunday School and learnt all about this sort of stuff will know that the "death of the firstborn" was the final "plague" sent against the Egyptians. The documentary-makers had set out to examine the whole question of whether the various "plagues" of Egypt could possibly have had some scientific explanation - they'd started with the "river turning to blood" and established this could have been red algae; which then led on to everything else connected with decayed & fetid water i.e. flies, frogs, disease, etc etc.

They struggled with the final one; as it was described as only affecting the "firstborn". Then they established that when the Egyptians stored their grain, it was in big storehouses, and IF damp had got in there, there would have been (wait for it!!) Ergot produced. Interestingly, the "firstborn" son was apparently given the privilege of opening up the food-stores and would have been given the first-pickings of the grain - ditto the "first-born" of the cattle who would have been fed the first-pickings........ which led them to believe that it was in fact Ergot which would have fitted the bill for the final plague "the death of the firstborn".

As a bit of a geeky on ancient history I find this fascinating!!

Ah i had heard snippets about Egypt plagues but didnt know it had been summised to be ergot!

It’s a risk with all stored grain - even today.

I saw a docu too recently about a french village where they all went ‘mad’ - the ‘dancing madness’ it was called as many affected couldnt stop moving….many villagers affected, and that also was attributed to ergot from the grains used in bread.

I bought some barley grain one year to sprout for horses for some nutrient dense winter feed - except the grains wouldnt sprout - some had thin streaks of black on the seed and that would grow after soaking the seeds and draining, creating a black mouldy seed…some pink moulds too - really yukky - i contacted the company about this why their grain didnt sprout and they then informed me that the seed had been heat-treated. This was an irish company and we rarely can grow grains here without risking mould due to the wet climate. So the heat treatment was to further dry the grain and stop the moulds , already infecting the grain, from growing further.
This grain was meant for cattle feed.

Thankfully for human food chain grains - there’s thorough testing of the grains for moulds /ergot before milling so we dont all go mad after wet summers!

Yet for animal feed grains - the standards are not, unfortunately, so strict.

In the end i used ‘naked barley’ for sprouting and that germinated fine and was mould free.
 

Labaire

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I am in south Lanarkshire-we have had the driest summer since I moved here in 2013 and we have much more ergot than usual-we’ve not had the rain we would normally have nor nothing like the rain England has had. So it’s a bit odd. Stressed grass maybe?
 
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PapaverFollis

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In an article I was reading about the Salem witch trials it said a severe winter and a wet spring create ergot in the autumn. I can't remember if spring was wet but the winter here was very severe! (Caithness)
 

SO1

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Can this be a problem with hay as well? What are the signs of Ergot poisoning in horses and if caught early is there a cure?
 

Labaire

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Winter reasonably bad I guess, late winter wet, spring dry then showery,sunny weather late on (grass was late compared to last couple of years), summer dry-we’ve had one week of wet weather since may, ground is like concrete-struggling to get electric posts in and the burn the lowest I’ve seen it.
 

PapaverFollis

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Can this be a problem with hay as well? What are the signs of Ergot poisoning in horses and if caught early is there a cure?

Late cut hay might be a problem but it only develops in old standing grass on the seed heads as far as I'm aware. Hay cut earlier in the summer should be OK.
 

PurBee

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I am in south Lanarkshire-we have had the driest summer since I moved here in 2013 and we have much more ergot than usual-we’ve not had the rain we would normally have nor nothing like the rain England has had. So it’s a bit odd. Stressed grass maybe?

The only time we get ergot without wet weather is when we have endless overcast cloudy days/weeks while its still warm temperatures of late summer/early autumn, and hardly any breeze/wind - therefore the air humidity is high, and i always think of it like a steamer situation with the thick overcast low cloud cover effectively capping-in moisture that is evaporating/respiring from the ground and trees/ plants.
Humidity levels in those situations barely gets below 80%. Fungus loves humidity.

But if you’ve had mostly clear sun/cloud days and breezes and its been mostly dry, maybe its a seasonal aspect as PF said. This spring was unusually cold for so long - i recorded below freezing temperatures in my polytunnel at night at the beginning of may!
 

Labaire

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We’ve had alot of sunshine but less wind than normal. I am up at 1200-1400ft so have a short (but violent) growing season. Not the coldest winter by a long shot but colder than some, we had several spells of extended frozen ground and I guess it was a cold spring *shrugs* if it’s not one thing, it’s another!
 

PurBee

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Can this be a problem with hay as well? What are the signs of Ergot poisoning in horses and if caught early is there a cure?

For symptoms of ergot poisoning see here:

http://www.horsedvm.com/disease/ergotism/

It’s really a very high risk for broodmares as the effects on the foal and milk production are likely symptoms, same with pregnant cattle.

For non-pregnant horses, if theyre having a bit of ergot over weeks/months - from grain or from turnout then the symptomology is different than if they have a lot suddenly. Check at the link.

The ‘acute poisoning’ symptoms will be behavioural and convulsions and will only occur if most of the seed heads of the field are affected with ergot

Treatment from one vet site suggest: ‘dopamine D2 antagonist domperidone’ - most sites say there’s no antidote and so prevention is absolutely necessary as cure is hard to achieve in acute cases Of the horse ingesting loads from an infected field.

https://www.msdvetmanual.com/toxicology/mycotoxicoses/ergotism

Hay is generally cut twice a year in mid/late june and then end of august. Both cuts are done while the seed heads are still green and fresh.
You may have someone leave cutting until august and therefore the early heads of june, by august could have ergot this year. But this is not common practice by most hay producers to grow the grass all year and just do 1 cut late august.

You can easily check hay you buy by looking at the seed heads. Are they blackish with mould? Are ergots seen? delve into bales and grab a handful…search for grass seed heads and check.

I would say there’s more risk of turning out into a field has been growing long all year, without grazing, than finding ergot in hay. As its a known risk this year, best to check hay anyway, despite the low risk.
 

SEL

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I know a lot of late cut hay fields this year due to machinery being needed elsewhere - harvesting all happened at once due to weather conditions. I mentioned on one of the other threads that a vet a few years back put my mare's elevated liver enzymes down to mould toxins in hay (we had a few horses on yard with problems). She's fine now but I'm going to be a bit paranoid this year about hay
 

Zuzan

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In an article I was reading about the Salem witch trials it said a severe winter and a wet spring create ergot in the autumn. I can't remember if spring was wet but the winter here was very severe! (Caithness)
Down the road a bit in Easter Ross we had a very very dry Spring, and Summer has been drier too.. no sign of Ergot this year .. but have seen it in previous years.
 

PapaverFollis

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Down the road a bit in Easter Ross we had a very very dry Spring, and Summer has been drier too.. no sign of Ergot this year .. but have seen it in previous years.

Not far from me at all. *waves* I think your spring was drier than up here. My hay last year was from down that way and he didn't grow enough to sell us any this year! Whereas we had reasonable growth through spring but the last two months not so much.

Interesting what PurBee was saying about the lack of wind though because it has definitely been much less windy up here than usual too!

It doesn't change anything but it is interesting to note weather conditions.
 

Poing

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Down the road a bit in Easter Ross we had a very very dry Spring, and Summer has been drier too.. no sign of Ergot this year .. but have seen it in previous years.
Also near me! May was awful, so cold and wet. I’ve noticed how delayed things in my garden have been compared to last year.
The farmer that supplies my hay only took one cut, in July. Beautiful hay.
 

Zuzan

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Waves at PF and PW ..

Yes we had a brief wet interlude in May but before that it was v v dry and then after it .. hence the less hay than usual here.. but all that was cut in July was pretty good.
 

PurBee

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I know a lot of late cut hay fields this year due to machinery being needed elsewhere - harvesting all happened at once due to weather conditions. I mentioned on one of the other threads that a vet a few years back put my mare's elevated liver enzymes down to mould toxins in hay (we had a few horses on yard with problems). She's fine now but I'm going to be a bit paranoid this year about hay

You’re right, hay was cut later than usual this year by many - on the farming forum uk posters were all itching mid-june for a clear weather spell for 1st cut - many end up doing haylage as that just needs 2 days of wilt/drying. The hay was done inbetween rain showers end june, july time - many saying the hay will be ‘rough’ this year, meaning heated bales, damp, moulds - so you might find hay cheaper this year as the farmer wants shot of it.
So you’re right to be on the lookout for general mouldy/dusty hay than usual, as many bemoaned the hay making weather this year...yet there could be the slim possibility some waited way too long, the heads became old and ergot may have started in it.

Yet even late june/july- the first seeded heads of the year would still be too green/fresh to have got ergot while standing - its possible on hay fields that have a species of grass that flowers really early, like mid april/very beginning of may - so if cut for hay mid july would have stood 10 weeks, and if weather during that time was mostly damp and warm, ergot is a possibility. Yet those conditions and grass types combining are fairly rare.

I’m a super sleuth for checking hay, and even in my usual damp warm ergot-loving irish climate, i’ve never ever found ergot in hay from suppliers from many different counties. This is a really challenging climate for hay making, with general mould due to hay not being dry enough to bale, being mostly the main problem.
I cut hay myself this year and the paddock has re-grown and just recently put up another grass seed head - its too damp to take a second cut to dry for hay, all the heads are fresh and can be grazed before they get too old and ergot starts growing. I know if i dont graze it within 4 weeks or cut it, there will be ergot on it late autumn/early winter.
 

SEL

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Great thread thanks PurBee. If legals go as planned this week I will finally own my own fields and the learning curve will be steep! No change of ergot though because they have been grazed to the ground ?
 

HashRouge

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You’re right, hay was cut later than usual this year by many - on the farming forum uk posters were all itching mid-june for a clear weather spell for 1st cut - many end up doing haylage as that just needs 2 days of wilt/drying. The hay was done inbetween rain showers end june, july time - many saying the hay will be ‘rough’ this year, meaning heated bales, damp, moulds - so you might find hay cheaper this year as the farmer wants shot of it.
So you’re right to be on the lookout for general mouldy/dusty hay than usual, as many bemoaned the hay making weather this year...yet there could be the slim possibility some waited way too long, the heads became old and ergot may have started in it.

Yet even late june/july- the first seeded heads of the year would still be too green/fresh to have got ergot while standing - its possible on hay fields that have a species of grass that flowers really early, like mid april/very beginning of may - so if cut for hay mid july would have stood 10 weeks, and if weather during that time was mostly damp and warm, ergot is a possibility. Yet those conditions and grass types combining are fairly rare.

I’m a super sleuth for checking hay, and even in my usual damp warm ergot-loving irish climate, i’ve never ever found ergot in hay from suppliers from many different counties. This is a really challenging climate for hay making, with general mould due to hay not being dry enough to bale, being mostly the main problem.
I cut hay myself this year and the paddock has re-grown and just recently put up another grass seed head - its too damp to take a second cut to dry for hay, all the heads are fresh and can be grazed before they get too old and ergot starts growing. I know if i dont graze it within 4 weeks or cut it, there will be ergot on it late autumn/early winter.
Ours wasn't cut till August because our farmer missed the good weather in early July and then it was so wet! But our grass also came through really late so it was still pretty green when cut, which hopefully means it will be okay. I'm going to go and inspect the bales I bought carefully either way! Luckily I bought them straight off the field so they were cheap, just in case I do end up having to dump them.
 
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