stangs
Well-Known Member
The definition of dominance is that dog X, the dominant one, consistently wins in conflict with less-dominant conspecifics, and so eventually only needs to use 'light' agonistic signals to get what they want. They get their pick of resources before everything else, choose bitches/mares before everyone else, etc. This results in the herd/pack having an unchanging linear or pyramid structure.I don't really get this. Can you explain a little more please. So if you have a pack of dogs( or horses) are you saying that there is no pecking order and none of them are dominant over another dog (or horse)
But that's not what actually happens. Herds and packs have much more varied, complex, and changing structures; traditional dominance theory doesn't account for affiliative relationships; and the animal that gets a resource first isn't necessarily the dominant one. So "dominance" (i.e., dominance theory's "dominance") doesn't seem to exist for a variety of species. Hierarchies exist, (more so in herds; less so in free-living and feral dog packs), yes. But "dominance" doesn't.
Besides, for domestic dogs/horses, dominance tends to get used in three main contexts:
a) This animal is of a 'dominant' nature and therefore needs a specific training style (except dominance isn't a character trait)
b) The animal is being 'dominant' (when really it's just resource guarding/in pain/etc, and labelling the behaviour as dominance prevents you from getting to the root of the problem).
c) The owner needs to be dominant to train an animal (but when you remember that "dominance" is, by definition, agonistic experiences... is that really what you want to be doing?)
The words 'dominance'/'alpha' etc, are still used in the literature, as other terms for describing rankings that you see aren't mainstream. However, this usage is always between conspecifics. There's not much supporting the idea that human-horse or human-dog relations could be dominance-based. So, when owners/trainers, start talking about dominance in relation to themselves, it's just not really right.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2008.08.004 - A good overview of dominance theory with dogs
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2013.10.007 - A fun little study on horses that does make reference to dominance, but conveys the complexity of equine relations
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